Shekara guda da sabon mulkin Taliban a Afghanistan

Kungiyar Taliban ta bai wa duniya mamaki a lokacin da ta kwace birnin Kabul a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2021, ba tare da fuskantar turjiya ko kadan daga dakarun tsohon shugaban kasar Ashraf Ghani ba. A karshe dai kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama ta yi nasarar komawa kan karagar mulki bayan da Amirka ta hambarar da gwamnatinta a wani samame da sojoji suka kai a shekara ta 2001. Dama dai masana sun yi hasashen cewa ba makawa tsohuwar gwamnatin Ghani za ta fadi saboda dakarun NATO da suka fara janyewa daga kasar da yaki ya daidaita, sakamakon yarjejeniyar da Washington ta kulla da Taliban a watan Fabrairun 2020. Baya ga tasirin yanayin siyasa da komawar Taliban kan karagar mulki ya haifar, rayuwar talakawan Afghanistan ta canza tun shekarar da ta gabata - inda ta fi muni ga galibinsu sakamakon mayar da hannun agogo baya da aka yi. Wannan komabayan ya sa Saleha Ainy, mace 'yar jarida gudu zuwa Iran domin ta tsira da ranta.

"Yan Taliban sun yi kokarin kama ni a lokuta da dama, sun ziyarci gidanmu sau da yawa, lokacin da suka yi gargadi ga iyalina, ba ni da zabi illa na barin Afghanistan." in ji Ainy

Rashin cika alkawari

'Yan Taliban ba su cika yawancin alkawuran da suka yi a karkashin yarjejeniyar Doha ta 2020 ba. Sun yi watsi da kafa gwamnatin hadaka a kasar, yayin da ‘yan matan da suka haura aji shida ba za su iya zuwa makaranta ba, haka kuma ba a barin mata su yi aiki ko ziyartar wuraren shakatawa na jama’a ba tare da mazajensu ba.

Tattalin arzikin kasar Afghanistan ya shiga mawuyacin hali, inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin barkewar wani bala'i na jin kai a kasar. Sai dai tun bayan da kungiyar Taliban ta karbe mulki, kungiyar ke ta matsa wa kasashen duniya lamba da su amince da ita a matsayin halastacciyar gwamnati don kauce wa rugujewar tattalin arziki. 

Miliyoyin 'yan Afghanistan ba su da aikinyi kuma an daskarar da asusun ajiyarsu na banki. Jama’a da dama na sayar da kayansu don sayan abinci, inda al’ummomin birane ke fuskantar karancin abinci, kwatankwacin matsalar da yankunan karkara ke fuskanta. A watan Janairu, sai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi kira "mafi girma da aka taba yi" na neman taimakon jin kai ga kasar, tana mai cewa tana bukatar dala biliyan 4.4 (€3.9) ga Afghanistan don dakile matsalar jin kai da ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa. Sai dai kasashen duniya sun ki mika kudaden kai tsaye ga kungiyar Taliban, saboda fargabar amfani da kudaden wajen sayen makamai.

A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Afganistan ce kasa daya tilo a duniya da ba a bai wa 'yan mata damar zuwa makarantar sakandare. Sannan a farkon watanni na mulkinta Taliban ta sallami yawancin mata da ke aiki a mukamai daban-daban kama daga matakin minista har zuwa ma'aikatu. A saboda haka ne matan Afghanistan da dama suka fito kan tituna domin nuna rashin amincewarsu da matakin na Taliban da suka danganta da zalunci. Sai dai kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin addinin ta yi amfani da karfi wajen murkushe zanga-zangar, tare da kame masu rajin kare hakkin mata da dama. 

Sakatare-janar na kungiyar kare hakkin bil Adama ta Amnesty International Agnes Callamard ta ce "kasa da shekara daya bayan da kungiyar Taliban ta mamaye kasar Afghanistan, munanan manufofinsu na hana miliyoyin mata da 'yan mata hakkinsu na gudanar da rayuwa cikin aminci, 'yanci na kara fitowa." 

Mata masu zanga-zanga da dama sun bar kasar, amma duk da haka akalla kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata biyar ne ke ci gaba da gwagwarmaya. Zholia Parsi, mamba a daya daga kungiyoyin ta ce ta zabi ci gaba da zanga-zanga don kare makomar 'ya'yanta.

Taliban ta sa kafar wanda daya da kafafen yada labarai

Bangaren fadin albarkacin baki ya samu ci gaba sosai tsakanin shekarar 2001 zuwa 2020, amma yanzu dubban 'yan jaridar Afghanistan na gudun hijira ko kuma sun rasa ayyukansu. A cewar kungiyar Reporters sans Frontières ko Reporters Without Borders, an rufe kashi 43% na kafafen yada labaran Afganistan cikin watanni ukun da suka gabata. 

A cikin mutane 10,780 da ke aiki a dakunan kafofin watsa labarai na Afghanistan (maza 8,290 da mata 2,490) a farkon watan Agustan 2021, kawo watan Disamba na 2021 mutane 4,360 ne kawai ke aiki (maza 3,950 da mata 410).