Jamus: Jam'iyyar SPD na cikin tsaka mai wuya

A tsakiyar karni na 19 Jamus ta fuskanci gagarumin kalubale da bukatu masu yawa. Bunkasar masana'antu da karuwar jama'a sun haifar da talauci mai yawa a kasa wanda ya sa jama'a suka yi ta zanga-zanga game da abin da suka kira rashin adalcin da masu kamfanoni ke nunawa ma'aikata. Jam'iyyar kula da jin dadin ma'aikata ta Jamus SADP a wancan lokaci tana daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke sahun gaba wajen bin kadin hakkin ma'aikatan inda ta zamewa mahukuntan daular Jamus kayar kifi a wuya.  

A shekarar 1890 jam'iyyar ta SADP ta sauya suna zuwa SPD. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na daya jam'iyyar ta yi wa salon siyasarta kwaskwarima. A Jamhuriyar Weimer sunan da ake kiran Jamus a wancan lokaci ba a hukumance ba, 'yan Social Demokrats sun sami shiga majalisar dokoki ta farko a Jamus inda kuma suka sami mukamai a gwamnati.

A 1918 ne aka bullo da batun bai wa mata 'yancin kada kuri'a da kuma dukkan wata dama ta siyasa, abin da jam'iyyar ta SPD ta yi gwagwarmayar ganin ya wanzu shekaru 28 kafin wannan lokaci.

Fatattaka daga 'yan Nazi

To amma dambarwar siyasa da rikicewar tattalin arzikin duniya a 1933 suka ba da kafar da jam'iyyar gurguzu NSDAP ta Adolf Hitler ta hau karagar mulki. 'Yan Social Demokrats da dama wadanda suka ki tafiya gudun hijira an kashe su a sansanin gwale-gwale.

Hans Keune na cibiyar nazarin dimokradiyya a jami'ar Göttingen ya yi tsokaci kan yunkurin jam'iyyar Social Demokrats na kimtsa martabarta a idanun al'umma.

"Tarihin SPD ya faro ne tun a lokacin mawuyacin hali na bakin mulkin kama karya a Jamus a wancan zamani inda ta jajirce kan gwagwarmyar kare dimokradiyya. Ko da a wancan lokaci na bakin mulki ta yi tasiri."

A shekarar 1969 SPD ta yi gagarumin hobasa inda ta hau karagar mulki tare da yin kawance da jam'iyyar Free Demokrats FDP, kuma Willy Brandt na SPD ya zama shugaban gwamnatin Jamus na farko daga jam'iyyar Social Democrats.

Willy Brandt na da manufa ta sassauta tsamin dangantaka da dabbaka yakana da aminci da abokantaka da kasashen da a baya aka gwabza fada da su kamar yadda yake kunshe a yarjejeniyar Warsaw.

Duniya ta girmama shi da wannan karimci da ya nuna a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba 1970 a dandalin da aka gudanar da bikin tunawa da wani bore da Jamusawa suka murkushe da karfin tuwo a 1943.

Thomas Poguntke daraktan cibiyar nazarin jam'iyyun siyasa da ke jam'iar Düsseldorf ya yi bayani yana mai cewa:

"Manufofin Brandt na harkokin waje su ne mafi ingancin nasarori da jam'iyyar SPD ta samu bayan yaki, kuma wannan shi ne ya dabbaka nasarar sasantawa domin warkar da tabon da yakin ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawunan kasashen Turai da rasa gabashin Jamus da ma raba kasar Jamus."

Agenda 2010 ta raba kan SPD

Mai yiwuwa dai ana iya cewa babban kalubalen da jam'iyyar ta fuskanta shi ne bayan shugaban gwamnati na CDU Helmut Kohl. Gerhard Schröder na SPD ya karbi ragama a 1998 inda ya bullo da wasu kudirori karkashin taken Agenda 2010 wanda ya kunshi rage ma'aikata da rage tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa da kuma rangwamen albashi.

Ko da yake ta fuskar tattalin arziki matakin na Schröder mataki ne da ya dace a cewar masana, amma a waje guda 'yan jam'iyyar da masu kada kuri'a na ganin ba a kyauta musu ba.

Ala ayya halin dai a wannan lokaci da ake ciki na kokarin kafa gwamnatin hadin gambiza, dole ne shugabar gwamnati Angela Merkel ta CDU ta kara sassautowa domin cimma manufa. A daya hannun kuma rikicin siyasa a jihohi da rigingimu na shugabancin jam'iyya sun sa jam'iyyar SPD kanta bai hadu ba. Su kuwa kananan jam'iyyu kamar Der Linke da kuma AfD mai ra'ayin kyamar baki su na kara samun tagomashi da goyon baya daga wannan rauni na manyan jam'iyyun.