Shekaru 75 da fara shari'ar 'yan Nazi
November 20, 2020Kasashen kawancen da suka yi galaba a yakin wadanda suka hada da Amirka da Tarayyar Soviet da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa, sun kafa kotun kasa da kasa ta sojoji a birnin Nuremberg, inda galibi jam'iyyar ta Nazi ke gudanar da tarukanta domin wannan shari'a. Karkashin karar dai, duk wanda ya yi gaisuwa irin ta Nazi zai fuskanci shari'a. Birnin na biyu mafi girma a jihar Bavaria ya zama mazaunin gudanar da shari'ar ta yaki da cin zarafi da azabtarwa da kisan dimbin jama'a da ma kuma mulkin kama-karya na tsawon shekaru 12.
Karin Bayani: Tarihin Adolf Hitler
Manyan mukarraban Hitler su 24 aka gurfanar a gaban shari'a domin fuskantar hukunci. Shari'a ce gagaruma wadda ta dauki hankali. Kuma wannan shi ne ya yi tasiri wajen kafa kotun shari'ar manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa a wannan zamani. Hasali ma kotun na zama darasi ga shugabannin kama-karya, cewa ba za su tsira ba. An fara shari'ar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba 1945. Babu wanda ya yi tsammanin 'yan Nazi wadanda suka nuna isa da karfin iko na mallake duniya za su kasance a cikin kotu. Manyan mukkarabai da suka hada da babban kwamandan soja Hermann Göring da mataimakin Hitler na wucin gadi Rudolf Hess da ministan harkokin wajen gwamnatin Nazi Joachim von Ribbentrop sun gurfana a gaban kotu, inda aka tuhume su da tayar da hankalin duniya da tsarawa da kuma aiwatar da yaki da cin zarafin al'umma.
Sai dai kuma gagga-gaggan masu laifin kamar babban jami'in leken asiri na Hitler Heinrich Himmler da jagoran farfagandarsa Joseph Goebbels ba su gurfana a kotu ba, sun kashe kansu da kansu bayan da aka yi galaba a kansu yayin yakin. Amma duk da haka a karon farko a tarihi, an cimma nasarar kafa kotun duniya mai shari'ar manyan laifuka. A jawabinsa wajen kaddamar da kotun, babban mai gabatar da kara na Amirka Robert H Jackson ya ce: "Manyan kasashe hudu masu karfin tasiri sun cimma nasara tare da 'yan raunuka. Za a hukunta wadanda suka aikata laifuka suka mika wadanda suka kama ga shari'a don radin kansu, yana daya daga cikin kyawawan dabi'u na tasirin da hankali da kamala suka yi a kan karfin iko."
Karin Bayani: Shekaru 70 da kafa kotun hukunta masu laifukan yaki
Kawancen kasashen sun yi namijin kokari na bayar da ma'ana ga laifuka da kuma tuhumar laifukan yaki, a cewar Farfesa Christioph Stafferlin na sashin nazarin shari'a a jami'ar Erlang da ke Nürnberg: "Akwai tunani na laifukan yaki. An san wannan tun kudirorin da aka shata na Geneva a 1864. To amma laifukan cin zarafin al'umma ko na yaki ko tayar da zaune tsaye, kamar yadda har yanzu ake kiransu a Nuremberg babu su a da. Kuma dukkan wadannan an samar da su ne a nan Nuremberg."
Babu daya daga cikin wadanda aka gurfanar da ya yarda ya amsa tuhumar da aka yi masa ko ya nuna nadama. Wata ganau kuma shaida Renate Rönn wadda ta raka mahaifinta zuwa kotun ta tuna abin da ya faru: "Lamarin ya kidima duk wanda abin ya shafa musamman lauyoyi, saboda ba ka da masaniya game da girman laifin. An kona wuraren ibadar Yahudawa. Ko ka san akwai wata zanga-zanga da aka yi a ranar tara ga watan Nuwamban 1938 da aka kora Yahudawa mata a kan tituna? Sannan da bala'in abin da aka aikata a sansanonin gwale-gwale a Auschwitz Birkenau da Stutthof da Bergen-Belsen, wanda ba a san da shi ba? Abin da rikitarwa kwarai. Mutum ba zai yi tunanin mutane masu wayewa za su aikata irin wannan abu a tsakiyar nahiyar Turai ba"
Karin Bayani: Tuni da kisan kiyasshi kan Yahudawa a Jamus
A ranar daya ga watan Oktoba 1946, aka gama shari'ar aka yanke wa mutane 12 hukuncin kisa kana bakwai aka yanke musu hukuncin dauri, wasu mutanen kuma aka sallame su yayin da aka kori kararraki biyu. Sai dai kuma kwana 16 bayan shari'ar, kuma yayin da ya rage 'yan sa'oi a zartar da hukuncin kisa Göring ta kashe kanta ta hanyar shan guba. Bayan wannan an yi wasu shari'oin guda 12, inda aka gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi su 185 'yan Nazi a gaban kotun soja. 24 daga cikinsu an yanke musu hukuncin kisa. An kuma kammala shari'ar baki daya a watan Afrilun 1949.