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Najeriya: Shekaru 50 da yakin Biafra

January 15, 2020

Mutane kimanin miliyan uku ne suka rasa rayukansu a yakin Biafra na Najeriya, wanda aka kwashe shekaru biyu da rabi ana gwabzawa. Ana jin radadin yakin har zuwa wannan rana, shekaru 50 bayan kawo karshensa.

https://p.dw.com/p/3WFTk
Bildergalerie Biafra-Krieg | Hilfe
Hoto: picture-alliance/Leemage/MP/Lazzero

Najeriyar dai ta samu 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallak na Birtaniya a shekarar 1960. Kasar da ke da yawan kabilu sama da 250, a wancan lokaci na da yawan jama'a miliyan 45 yawancinsu Hausawa da Fulani a Arewa, Yarabawa a Kudu maso Yamma sai kuma Igbo a Kudu maso Gabas. Rashin jituwa da gwagwarmayar nuna fifiko da mallakar albarkatun kasa sun kunno kai a tsakaninsu.  An yi juyin mulki har sau a shekarar 1966. Na farko manyan sojoji da ke tare da Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi dan kabilar Igbo ne suka yi wa Firaminista Abubakar Tafabawa Balewa da ya kassance dan Arewa juyin mulki.  Watanni shida bayan nan aka yi wani juyin mulkin da ya dakile wanda aka yi da farko, wanda galibi manyan sojoji daga Arewa suka yi a ranar 30 ga watan Mayun 1967.

Tushen yakin basasa
Bayan wannan juyin mulkin ne gwamnan mulkin soji na yankin Kudu maso Gabas Laftanar Kanal Chukwuemaka Odumegwu Ojukwu ya ayyana ballewar yankin a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa, bayan wasu rigingimun kabilanci. Uchenna Chikwendu 'yar kabilar Igbo mai shekaru 67 da haihuwa wadda kuma ke zaune a garin Enugu ta shaida yakin a wancan zamani.

Odumegwu Ojukwu 1966
Laftanar Kanal Chukwuemaka Odumegwu Ojukwu wanda ya fara jagorantar masu rajin kafa kasar BiafraHoto: AP

Ta ce: "Sam ba na daukar kaina 'yar Najeriya ko kadan. Ina farin cikin kasancewa 'yar kabilar Igbo, amma babu wata Najeriya a wajena. Bani da wani abu da zan yi alfahari da shi game da Najeriya babu shi sam."

Yakin basasar ya halaka mutane tsakanin dubu 500 zuwa miliyan uku a cewar Eghosa Osaghae wani Farfesa masanin kimiyyar siyasa a jami'ar Ibadan. Abubakar Sambo wani shugaban al'ummar Hausawa ne a Enugu wanda iyayensa suka je Enugun shekaru fiye da 100 da suka gabata, ya ce bayan yakin 'yan Arewa da dama sun yi ta komawa Kudu maso Gabas kamar yadda 'yan kabilar Igbo su ma suka rika komawa Arewa.

Ya ce "Duk tsawon rayuwata ina zaune ne a nan Enugu, a nan na taso, a nan na yi makaranta, ina da abokai da dama 'yan kabilar Igbo fiye da jihata wato Adamawa, saboda haka hankalina a kwance yake a nan."

Ayyana kasar Biafra
Har kawo yanzu mutane daga yankin tsohuwar Biafra suna sukar lamirin gwamnati da kuma bayyana cewa har yanzu ba a sami shugaban kasa dan kabilarsu ba a cewar masanin kimiyar siyasa farfesa Eghosa Osaghae. Yakin na Biafra bai yi wani tasiri ga manufofin Najeriya a kasashen waje ba, domin kasashe kalilan ne a wancan lokaci suka amince da Biafra kamar Tanzaniya da Gabon da Côte d'Ivoire. Fadar Vatican da kungiyoyin agaji na coci sun taimaka wajen hadin kan kasar. Farfesa Nicholas Omenka limamin coci kuma masanin tarihi a jami'ar jihar Abia ya yi bayani da cewa:

Nigeria Biafra | Nnamdi Kanu
Nnamdi Kanu jagoran masu rajin kafa kasar Biafar na yanzuHoto: DW/K. Gänsler

"Gwamnatin Amirka ta yi kokarin shiga tsakanin Najeriya da Fafaroma a karshen yakin, a watan Janairun 1970 saboda haka zaman tankiyar bai yi tsawo ba, bayan wani dan lokaci fadar Vatican da kuma coci su ne na farko da suka sake gina Najeriya." 

A waje guda dai yakin Biafra ya samar da sabon kawance da wasu kasashen ketare, inda a lokacin yakin cacar baka Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet suka hadu wajen marawa Najeriya baya, tare kuma da ba ta makamai, dangantakar da har yanzu ta ke ci gaba da wanzuwa.