Tarihin girka Sudan ta Kudu

Girka kasar Sudan ta Kudu ya samu tushe tun daga shekara a lokacin da Sudan ta samu 'yancin kanta a shekara 1956 daga turawan mulkin mallaka na kasar Birtaniya.

Kamin samun 'yancin gwamnatin kasar Sudan ta yi alkawarin baiwa jihohin dan kwarkwaryan 'yancin bisa federaliya.

Misali yankin arewancin kasar inda musulmi suka fi rinjaye aka kaddamar da shari'ar musulunci a yayin da yankin Kudu inda kristoci suka fi rinjaye ba su aiki da wannan shari'a.

To saidai a aikace sai al'umomin yankin Kudu suka ga alamomin bambanci da wariya da suka zargin gwamnati na nuna masu saboda haka sai sojojin yankin suka tada bori na kwatar yanci.Tun daga wannan lokaci kasar ta shiga yakin basasa wanda ya dauki tsawan shekaru 17.An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a shekara 1972 a birnin Adis Ababa na kasar Ethiopiya.Wannan yarajejeniya ta tanadi bada dan kwarya-kwarya 'yancin gashin kai ga yankin kudancin Sudan amma a karkashin tsarin mulkin federaliya.

To saidai shekaru 13 bayan ratabba hanu kan wannan yarjejeniya sai kuma ciwo ya koma danye.Shugaban kasar Sudan Gaafar Nimeiry da ya hau karagar mulki sakamakon juyin mulki, sai ya soke wannan yancin da yankin kudancin Sudan ya samu,daga nan wata sabuwar fitina ta tashi.Al'umomin yankin tare ada taimakon kasar Amurika suka girka wata runduna da suka radawa suna SPLA, wato rundunar kwatar yancin yankin Kudancin Sudan bisa jagorancin John Garang.

SPLA duk da barakar da ta samu ta share shekaru 22 ta na fafatawa da gwamnatin kasar Sudan.Kiddidiga ta tabbatar da cewar mutane miliyan biyu suka rasa rayuka a cikin wannan yanki sannan a kalla wasu karin milisan hudu suka shiga halin gudun hijira.

A wani yunkuri na kawo karshen wannan yaki an bullo da wata kungiyar samar da zaman lafiya wada ta samu taimkao daga gamayyara kasa da kasa musamman kasashen Nowe,Birtaniya da Amurika, wanda suka taimaka a ka shiga tataanawa daga shekara 2001 tsakanin tawagar gwamnatin Sudan bisa jagorancin mataimakin shugaban kasa Ali Osman Taha, da kuma tawaghar 'yan aware bisa jagorancin John Garang

An zaman sulhu daban-daban tsakanin bangarorin biyu, a karshe dai sai a shekara 2002 suka cimma tarbibiyar yarjejeniya, wadda ta zama yarjejeniyar dindindin da suka ratabawa hannu ranar Tara ga watan Janairu na shekara 2005 a birnin Naivasha na kasar Kenya.

Wasu daga matakan da yarjejeniyar Naivasha ta kunsa

Yarjejeniyar ta Naivasha da aka cimma bisa jagorancin gamayyara kasa da kasa, ta yi tanadi matakai da dama, amma mafi mahimmanci shine 'yancin kai ga yankin Kudancin Sudan,bayan shekaru shida da cimma yarjejeniyar , kuma cilas sai al'umar yankin gaba daya ta yi zaben raba gardama inda za ta bayyana ra'ayin fita kokuma tsayawa cikin kasar Sudan.

A daya bangaren,yarajeniyar ta amince yankin kudancin Sudan ya girka gwamnati, wadda aka kafa tun a shekara 2005

Sannan ta tanadi John Garang ,ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasar Sudan, sai dai watani shida bayan ya dauki wannan matsayi ya mutu cikin hadarin jirgin sama mai dura angulu, kuma a lokacin an yi tafka mahawarori game da wannan mutuwa da wasu ke dauka tamkar wani makirci da aka shirya ma Garang.

Don taimakawa wannan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta tabbata, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta aika rundunar sojoji da ta kunshi dakaru dubu 10 a yankin kudancin Sudan.

A cikin watan Janairu na shekara 2011 aka shirya zaben raba gardama, inda tare da gagaramin rinjaye al'umar yankin kudancin Sudan suka amince da samun 'yancin kai.

A hukunce yankin kudancin Sudan ya zama kasa mai cikkaken 'yanci ranar Tara ga watan Yuli na shekara 2011, tun jajibirin 'yancin,kasashen Sudan da Jamus suka amince da Sudan ta Kudu a matsayin kasa mai cikkaken 'yanci.

Mako guda bayan wannan 'yanci, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karbi Sudan ta Kudu a matsayin kasa ta 194 memba a cikin Majalisar.

Sannan ita ma kungiyar Tarayya Afrika ranjar 27 ga watan Yuli ta yi bikin karbar Sudan ta Kudu a matsayin kasa ta 54 a Afrika.

Yawan al'umar Sudan ta Kudu,kasashen da take iyaka da su da kuma tsarin siyasa a wannan sabuwar kasa

Sudan ta Kudu na da yawan mutane kimanin miliyan Tara,kiristocin suke da gagaramin rinjayae tunda sun kwashe fiye da kashi 75 cikin dari na al'umar kasar, akwai musulmi kalilan kimanin kashi uku cikin dari ,sai kuma arna wanda ke da kashi 22 cikin dari.

Sunan babban birnin kasar Jouba kuma shugaban kasa mai ci yanzu shine Salva Kiir.Halshen turanci shine ake amfani da shi a cikin ofisoshin kasar.

Kasashen da ke makwabtaka da Sudan ta Kudu kuwa sune:

Na farko dai Sudan daga bangaren arewa, sai Ethiopiya da bangaren Gabas, akwai kasashen Kenya, Uganda, da Jamhuriya Demokradiyar Kongo daga Kudu, sannan a karshe akwai Jamhuriya Afrika ta Tsakiya daga bangaren yamma.

Tsarin mulin kasar ya dogara da tsari irin na federaliya tare da jihohi 10 masu dan kwarkwaryan 'yanci tare da kananan hukumomi 86.

A bangaren tattalin arziki, Sudan ta Kudu kasa ce mai dimbin arzikin man fetur da kuma albarkatun ruwa.To saidai har yanzu akwai rigingimu da dama da ba a warware ba tsakanin Sudan ta Kudu da Sudan hasali ma game da mallakar rijiyoyin man fetur mna yankin Abye wanda akan su ake tada jijiyoyin wuya tsakanin kasahen biyu.

Kuma duk da arzikin da kasar ta mallaka alkalluma sun tantance cewar kashi 90 cikin dari na al´umar kasar ke fama da matsanancin talauci.Kuma a yanzu itace kasar Afrika ta fi fama da bakin jahilci, misali kashi 92 cikin dari na matan kasar ba su iya karatu da rubuta ba.ka ji a taikaice halin da ake ciki a sabuwar kasar Sudannta Kudu sannan wani babban kalubale da magabatan kasar ke fuskanta a halin yanzu shine matsalar tsaro, domin fadace-fadace sun zama ruwan dare tsakanain kabilu dabandan na wannan kasa.

Ina fata wanda suka yi wannan tambaya sun gamsu da takaittatar amsar da muka binciko masu.

Kamin mu je ga tambaya ta gaba, sai mu shakata da wannan.

Mawallafi: Yahouza Sadissou Madobi

Edita: Mohammad Nasiru Awal