Ƙasashe nawa ne suke amfani da kuɗin Euro a Tarayyar Turai

Tambaya: Fatawarmu ta wannan makon ta fito daga hannun malama Ladi Ma'azu daga birnin Yamai a jamhuriyar Niger. Malama Ladi ta ce, wai shin daga cikin ƙasashen Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai, ƙasashe nawa ne suke amfani da kuɗin Euro, kuma ƙasashe nawa ne ba sa amfani da shi, kuma wane dalili ne ya sa ba sa amfani da shi din? Sannan ina so ku sanar da ni idan akwai wasu ƙasashen da ba na ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ba, amma suna amfani da takardar kuɗi ta Euro.

Amsa: To daga cikin ƙasashen ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai su 27, kasashe 16 ne kaɗai suke amfani da kuɗin Euro a matsayin kuɗin ƙasa a hukumance. Waɗannan ƙasashe dai sun haɗa da Austriya, da Beljiyam, da Cyprus, da Finland, da Fransa, sai kuma ƙasar Jamus, da Girka, da Ireland, da Italiya, da Luzambak, har ila yau akwai ƙasar Malta, da Holand, da Potugal, da Silabekiya, da Silabeniya da kuma Spain. Kuma dukkanin tsare-tsaren harkokin kuɗi da kuma buga kuɗin na Euro suna gudana ne a ƙarƙashin babban bankin Turai wato European Central Bank.

Ƙasashe goma sha ɗayan da suka rage su ne waɗanda suke a cikin Ƙungiyar ta Tarayyar Turai amma kuma ba su riƙi kuɗin Euro a matsayin kuɗin ƙasashensu ba. Waɗannan ƙasashe kuwa sun haɗa da Denmak, da Sweden, da Birtaniya, da Bulgeriya, sai kuma jamhuriyar Chek, da Estoniya, da Hungary, da Latbiya, har ila yau akwai ƙasar Lisuyaniya, da Poland, da kuma Romaniya. Kodadai da yawa daga cikin otel-otel da shaguna da kuma gidanjen cin abinci na waɗannan ƙasashe suna karɓar kuɗin Euro wajen ciniki, musamman ma a wuraren yawon buɗe ido.

Dangane da dalilin da ya sa wasu ƙasashen Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ba sa amfani da kuɗin Euro shi ne cewar, na farko dai akwai ƙa'idoji da sai ƙasa ta cika su koda kuwa tana cikin Tarayyar Turai, kuma babbar ƙa'idar ita ce, dole darajar canjin kuɗin ƙasa ya yi shekaru biyu cikakku a cikin rukunin darajar canjin kuɗin ƙasashe masu amfanin da Euro ɗin. Kuma yawanci wannan ƙa'ida ta shafi sabbin ƙasashen da suka shiga Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turan daga baya.

Su kuma ƙasasshen da suka kasance tsofaffi a tarayyar Turan amma kuma har yanzu ba sa amfani da Euro, akwai dalilai daban-daban da suka danganta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Misali ƙasar Denmark ta ƙi yin amfani da Euro ne saboda ƙuri'ar raba gardamar da aka gudanar a ƙasar ta nuna cewa al'ummar ƙasar ba su yarda a saki kuɗin ƙasar na asali a riƙi Euro ba. Ƙasar Sweden kuwa ta cika duk wata ƙa'ida ta amfani da kuɗin Euro amma dai dagangan ta kauce wa shiga tsarin canjin kuɗi irin na ƙasashe 'yan rukunin kuɗin Euro. Ita ma ƙasar Birtaniya ta cika dukkanin ƙa'idoji amma kuma daga dukkan alamu har yanzu shugabannin ƙasar ba su da niyar gudanar da ƙuri'ar rabagardama akan amfani da Euro a matsayin kuɗin ƙasar. Sauran ƙasashen kuma suna nan akan hanyarsu ta cika ƙa'idojin shiga cikin rukunin ƙasashe masu amfani da kuɗin Euro.

To kamar yadda mai tambaya yai tambaya, babu shakka akwai waɗansu ƙasashen da suke amfani da kuɗin Euro amma kuma ba sa cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai. Akwai ƙasashe uku da suka yi yarjejeniya da Tarayyar Turai akan cewa za su riƙa amfani da kuɗin Euro. Waɗannan ƙasashe kuwa sune ƙasar Monako, da San Marino da kuma birnin Vatican. To sai dai duk da cewa akwai wannan yarjejeniyar, amma dai ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙasashen da suke ƙarƙashin ikon Babban Bankin Turai ECB; Ko kuma ƙasashe 'yan ƙungiyar kuɗin Euro. Akwai kuma wasu ƙasashe da dama waɗanda suka riƙi kuɗin Euro a matsayin kuɗin kasa ba tare da wata yarjejeniya da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turan ba. Misalin waɗannan ƙasashe sun haɗa da ƙasar Andorra da Kosovo da Montenegro.

A shekarar 1998 ƙasashe 11 na tarayyar Turai suka cika ƙa'idar canja kuɗaɗen ƙasashensu zuwa kuɗin Euro. Kuma an kafa ƙuniyar rukunin ƙasashe masu amfani da Euron ne tare da ƙaddamar da shi kansa kuɗin Euron a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1999. Kuma an fara ciniki da kudin na Euro a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, 2002.

Mawallafi: Abba Bashir

Edita: Umaru Aliyu