BUNKASAR TATTALIN ARZIKIN JAMUS BAYAN YAKIN DUNIYA NA BIYU

"Zabi, tsakanin tsarin tattalin arziki na jari-hujja da na akidar gurguzanci, shi ne jigon da ya mamaye kamfen da aka yi a yakin neman zabe. Amma al’umman Jamus, mafi rinjayi daga cikinsu, sun tsai da shawarar yin watsi da tsarin tattalin arzikin akidar gurguzanci."

Da wannan jawabin ne Konrad Adenauer, farkon shugaban gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus, ya bude farkon taron majalisar ministocinsa a ran 20 ga watan Satumban 1949. Jamusawa dai, a wannan lokacin, ba su yi wata-wata ba, wajen rungumar ra’ayin tsarin tattalin arziki na jari-hujja. A karshen yakin duniya na biyun ne, a cikin watan Yuni na shekarar 1948, hukumar mamaye ta kasashen da suka ci Jamus da yaki, karkashin jagorancin Amirka, ta buga kudin Deutsch-Mark, wanda kuma al’umman kasar suka fara amfani da shi. Wannan matakin dai, ya kawo karshen hada-hadar ciniki a boyen da ake yi. Ba da jimawa ba ne kuma, mutane suka dinga samun aikin yi. A cikin wani shirin labarai, wanda ake gabatarwa a mako-mako a gidajen sinima, saboda rashin talabijin a wannan lokacin, mai gabatarwan ya bayyana cewa:-

"Jim kadan bayan garambawul din kasafin kudi da aka yi, wani rukunin maneman labarai ya zagaya a kasuwar mako, inda ya dauko hotunan huldodin da ake yi a kasuwar. Ba zato ba tsammani, sai ga shi ko’ina ana samun kayayyakin masarufi. Ga kayayyakin lambu masu inganci, wadanda kuma sai mutum ya zaba. A kantuna ma, kayayyakin da da sai a boye kawai ake sayad da su, yanzu ga su kamar a banza."

Ta hakan ne dai manema labarai suka kwatanta farfadowar tattalin arzikin Jamus Ta Yamma, a wannan lokacin. Babu shakka, daga 1949 ne kuma, aka yi ta samun bunkasar tattalin arzikin kasar. Akwai dai bayanai da dama game da dalilan da suka janyo wannan bunkasar.

A karshen yakin duniya na biyun, an wayi gari ana rashin duk kayayyakin halin rayuwa. Ba da wani bata lokaci ba ne kuma aka cike wannan gibin. Duk da hadarin bamabaman da aka yi wa biranen Jamus, masana’antu da yawa ba su ragargaje ba. Sabili da haka, jari kalilan ne ake bukata, don farfado da su ko kuma fadada su.

Ta hakan ne dai aka bunkasa yawan kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a masana’antun. Bugu da kari kuma, sai aka wayi gari, Jamus din ne ma ta fi sayad da sarrafaffun kayayyakinta a ketare. Duk kayayyakin da hukumar mamayen ta ga ba su da wata kasada ga kwance wa Jamus damarar da aka yi, tana yarda a fid da su zuwa ketare. Daga baya ne kuma Jamus ta sami damar fita da kayayyakin sinadari da magunguna, kamarsu Aspirin, da Penicillin da dai sauransu.

Daya abin da ya janyo wa Jamus fa’ida kuma, shi ne, a karshen yakin duniya na biyun, kudinta wato Deutsch Mark, ba shi da wata daraja, idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran kudade kamar su Dola da Ponud Sterling. Hakan kuwa ya sa kayayyakin kasar ba su da tsada a kasuwannin duniya. A cikin shekarar 1952, Jamus ta fid da kaya a ketare fiye da wadanda ta shigo da su. Hakan ne kuma ya janyo mata bunkasar tattalin arziki fiye da kima. Kafin dai 1960, Jamus ta farfado sosai daga komadar tatttalin arzikin da ta huskanci a karshen yakin duniya na biyu.

A cikin wadannan shekarun dai, Jamus ta yi abin mamaki. Babu wanda ya taba zaton cewa, a cikin wannan dan gajeren lokaci, Jamus za ta iya mikewa har ta zamo zakara a fannin tattalin arziki a nahiyar Turai. Akwai dai muhimman mutane da suka jagoranci wannan kwazo da Jamus ta nuna da kuma irin namijin kokarin da ta yi. Idan dai aka tabo wannan batun, to ba za a manta da Ludwig Erhard ba, tsohon ministan tattalin arziki na gwamnatin Adenauer, wanda ya yi duk iyakacin kokarinsa wajen ganin cewa, Jamus ta sami ci gaba. Shugabannin babban bankin Jamus, su ma sun taka tasu rawar gani wajen cim ma wannan gurin.

Jamus ta sami nasara a wannan lokacin ne, saboda gudummuwar da da duk wadannan mutanen suka bayar da kuma sadaukantakar da suka nuna.