Shekaru 50: Nazarin goyon bayan Biafra daga ketare

Yakin na Biafra da aka kawo karshensa a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970 bayan shafe shekaru biyu ana gumurzu, ya yi sanadiyyar rasuwar mutane sama da miliyan biyu. Yakin dai ya haifar da yunwa, sannan ya girgirza duniya. Bayan shafe shekaru 50 da kammala shi, ana ci gaba da kiran bai wa yankin 'yancin cin gashin kai. A lokacin yakin, Jamusawa da yawa sun yi Allah wadai da shi.

'Yan kabilar Igbo wadanda galibinsu Kiristoci ne, sun ayyana ballewa daga Najeriya domin kafa kasarsu ta Biafra a ranar 30 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1967. Mazauna yankin sun yi shagulgula na samun kasarsu ta kansu, sai dai shekara guda bayan nan, yakin basasa na farko ya balle a Najeriya. Sunan na Baifra sai ya kasance wani abu da ake alakantawa da kunci da yunwa da asarar rai.

Loakcin da sojojin Najeriya suka karbe iko da birnin Port Harcourt a watan Mayun shekarar 1968, yankin Biafra ya yi asarar hanya daya tilo da yake da ita zuwa teku. Daga wannan loakcin, duk wadanda suka makale sun dogara ne ga samun abinci daga irin wanda ake jefowa ta jiragen sama. Kame garin babbar nasara ce ga sojojin Najeriya.

Sojojin Najeriya sun fara yakin mamaya, inda suka yi kokarin yi wa 'yan awaren horon yunwa. Tuni duniya ta san da yaran da ake kira da wai "yaran Biafra" Halin kuncin rayuwa da mutane ke ciki, ya haifar da zanga-zangar nuna musu goyon baya. Kiyasi ya nunar da cewa, kimanin yara da tsofaffi dubu 10 ne ke mutuwa a kowacce rana, a shekara ta 1968.

Yakin Biafra ya hada kan Jamusawa fiye da yadda aka taba gani kan wani lamaari da ya shafi wata kasa ta Afirka. A watan Agustan shekara ta 196, daliban Biafra da na Jamus sun yi wani tattaki na kwanaki biyar a birnin Bonn, inda suka bukaci da a bai wa Biafra 'yancin cin gashin kai. Wannan tutar mai alamar rana (daga dama), ta zama tutar kasar ta Baifra a hukumance.

"A matsayinmu na Jamusawa, ya kamata a fahimci abi nda muke nufi idan muka ambaci kalmar kisan kiyashi... saboda shiru din da ake yi na nufin mutum na da hannu." Fitaccen marubucin nan Günter Grass na daga cikin fitattun mutane da suka yi jawabi a wani gangami da aka yi a birnin Hamburg a shekarar 1968 kan rikicin na Biafra. Sakonsa ya tayar da hankalin mutane a Jamus.

A Jamus, malaman Coci da 'yan majalisar dokoki da ma sauran jama'a sun shiga an dama da su wajen ganin an yi wa 'yan Biafra adalci. Rana ta musamman ta Cocin Evangelica a shekarar 1968, ta mayar da hankalinta ne kan Biafra. An tara kudi da kayan agaji wanda aka aike da su ga 'yan Biafra da yaki ya tagayyara.

A birnin Hamburg, wasu daliba wato Klaus Guerke da Tilman Zülch (wanda hotonsa ke sama), sun kirkiri wata gidauniya ta "Komitee Aktion Biafra-Hilfe" don nemawa al'ummar Biafra agaji. Gidauniyar ta samu tallafi daga mutane da dama ciki har da magajin garin Berlin na wancan lokacin Heinrich Albertz da marubucin nan Günter Grass da kuma Luise Rinser gami da Bishop din Münster Heinrich Tenhumberg.

Wani masanin tarihi Golo Mann ya jinjinawa wadanda suka taimakawa Biafra, koda yake ba kasafai ake fahimtar kalamansa ba. Mann ya ce: "Yakin da Birtaniya da Rasha suka ja zare inda tsohuwar kasar da ta yi mulkin mallaka ke kokari wajen ganin an samu hadin kai a kasar da ta mulka."

A Landan mutane sun yi zanga-zanga a gaban ofishin jakadancin Tarayyar Soviet kana suka isa ofishin firaministan Birtaniya a titin Downing Street. Masu zanga-zangar sun zargi Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet da tallafawa Najeriya da makamai wajen yakar 'yan Baifra. Fitaccen dan jam'iyyar nan ta Labor, Michael Barnes na daga cikin wadanda suka yi jawabi a taron wanda 'yan Kwamitin Biafra suka shirya.

An ci zarafin dan Adam ba tare da duniya ta ce uffan ba, sai dai mutanen sun yi ta rubuce-rubuce kan wannan batu a shafukan jaridu da kuma samar da fastoci wadanda ke dauke da wannan maudu'in: "A ta Auschwitz — B ta Biafra." Sun yi hakan ne domin kamanta irin cin zarafin jama'a da aka yi a Biafra da wanda aka yi a sansanin gwale-gwale na Ausschitz.

Wani likita dan Faransa Bernard Kouchner ya ziyarci Biafra a shekara ta 1968, inda ya bayar da tallafi na kiwon lafiya karkashin kulawar kungiyar ba da agaji ta kasa da kasa ta Red Cros. Kouchner ya soki Red Cross saboda gazawa wajen yin sulhu tsakanin bangarorin da ke rikici. Wannan likitan dai shi ne ya samar da kungiyar likitocin na gari nakowa, wato "Doctors Without Borders."

Tallafi daga sassan duniya daban-daban ya taimaki al'ummar Biafra. Kungiyoyin agaji sun aike da tallafi cikin jirage sama da 7,000. Kayan agajin da suka kai sama da tan dubu 81, sun hada da abinci da magunguna. Duk da wannan agaji da suka samu, 'yan Biafra din sun mika wuya ga Najeriya a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970, amma har yanzu suna fafutukar neman kafa kasarsu.