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Rawar da Jamus ke takawa a yankin Sahel

Daniel Pelz MAB/LMJ
May 26, 2021

Halin da ake ciki a Mali da sauran kasashe na yankin Sahel na kara tabarbarewa, inda masana suka ce hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa bai yi nasarar magance matsalar tsaro da ake fuskanta ba.

https://p.dw.com/p/3u0D7
Mali Bundeswehr-Soldaten
Sojojin Jamus na bai wa sojojin Mali horo na musammanHoto: picture-alliance/AP/ARCHIV /A. Wyld

Za a iya cewa gwamnatin Jamus ta dauki magtakin gtsawaita zaman rundunar sojojin ta Bundeswehr a Malin ne, saboda ba ta da wani zabi da ya wuce hakan. 18 ga watan Agusta 2020 ta kasance rana ta bakin ciki ga manufar Jamus a yankin Sahel, saboda bayan kwashe makonni na zanga-zanga a kan titunan Bamako, sojojin Mali sun kaddamar da juyin mulki ga Shugaba Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta. Hasali ma Jamus ta yi iya kokarinta wajen hana barkewar irin wannan rikici, inda rundunarta ta Bundeswehr ta shiga cikin ta kungiyar EU don mayar da sojojin Mali su zama na zamani, kuma su dace da tsarin dimukuradiyya. Ya zuwa yanzu dai fiye da sojoji 13,000 ne suka shiga aikin na horon soji. Sannan kuma Bundeswehr ta shiga cikin rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya MINUSMA a Mali.

Karin Bayani: Jamus za ta ci gaba da horas da sojin Mali

A cewar jaridar "Tagesspiegel", gwamnatin ta Jamus ta kashe Euro biliyan uku da miliyan 200 tsakanin shekarar 2016 zuwa 2020 domin daukar matakan daidaita zaman lafiya a kasashen Sahel biyar da suka hada da da Moritaniya da Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso da Chadi. Andrew Lebovich masanin yankin Sahel ne a hukumar da ke kula da harkokin kasashen waje ta kungiyar Tarayyar Turai, ya bayyana cewar Jamus ta dauki aikin horas da sojojin Malin da muhimmanci: "Gwamnatin Jamus na ganin wannan yanki a matsayin wanda take bai wa fifiko a manufofinta na ketare, da kuma a hadin gwiwar da take da Faransa sakamakon rawar da take takawa a cikin EU. Gwamnati Jamus na ganin wasu daga cikin kokarin da farar hula ke yi a matsayin ginshikin da ta himmatu a kai. Amma tabbas akwai lokuta da dama da aka yi tababa a Jamus game da ayyukan sojojinta da tasirinsu da kuma ko ya kamata a ci gaba da aikin ko a'a."

Niger Besuch Angela Merkel mit Präsident Mahamadou Issoufou in Niamey
Shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel da tsohon shugaban Nijar Mahamadou IssoufouHoto: DW/S. Boukari

Sai dai ci gaban da aka samu a fannin na tsaro, bai taka kara ya karya ba a yankin Sahel. Maimakon haka ma hare-hare daga kungiyoyin da ke da tsananin kishin addini a yankin, ya ninka kusan sau bakwai tun daga shekarar 2017. A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sama da mutane miliyan 29 ke bukatar taimakon jin kai sakamakon matsalar tsaron, adadin da ba a taba ganin irin sa ba a yankin. Amma kuma duk da haka, majalisar dokoki ta Bundestag ta tsawaita ayyukan rundunar ta Bundeswehr a kasar Mali na tsawon shekara guda, inda nan gaba za a tura sojojin Jamus din 600 maimakon 450 a baya.

Karin Bayani: Taron magance rikicin ta'addanci a yankin Sahel

Yawancin bangarorin siyasa a Berlin, na ganin cewar babu wata mafita ga tsarin da aka fara aiwatarwa. Ko da Johann David Wadephul mamba a jam'iyar CDU, a yayin muhawara a majalisar dokoki ta Bundestag sai da ya ce yankin Sahel na daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin tsaro ga nahiyar Turai: "Daya daga cikin kalubalen tsaro mafi girma a gare mu a duk nahiyar Turai, ya kasance halin da ake ciki a yankin Sahel. A garemu 'yan nahiyar Turai, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya fuskanta, domin batu ne na tabarbarewar yankin baki daya. Akwai hatsarin afkuwar koma-bayan ayyukan jin kai idan aka bari 'yan ta'addan Sahel da gungun masu aikata laifuka suka mamaye yankin. A takaice dai, batu ne da ya shafi wani  babban ginshiki na Turai: Tsaronmu."

Afrika Mali Unruhen Terror
Ta'azzarar hare-haren ta'addanci a kasashen yankin SahelHoto: AFP/Getty Images

Amma shin za a iya warware wannan rikicin ta hanyar soji kawai? Masana sun soki lamirin tsarin Turai na mai da hankali kacokan kan yaki da kungiyoyin da ke da'awar Islama, alhali kasashe kamar Mali na fama da jerin matsaloli na cikin gida da suka hada da fadace-fadace kan karancin albarkatu kamar kasa da ruwa, har ma da rikice-rikice tsakanin kabilu dabam-dabam. Inda gizon ke saka shi ne: A shekarar 2015 dai, tsohon Shugaba Keïta ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da wasu kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai, amma bai aiwatar da yarjejeniyar ba. Yayin da shugaban Burkina Faso Roch Kaboré ya yi watsi da tattaunawar da aka yi da kungiyoyin da ke tayar da hankali a bara, duk da bukatar da wasu kungiyoyin farar hula suka nuna. Saboda haka ne sassan 'yan adawa na Jamus suka yi kira da a kara matsa lamba kan gwamnatocin kasashen na Sahel, domin samar da tsarin zaman lafiya mai dorewa.